What part of a BTC swap fee goes to miners and what goes to the exchange
The miner receives the on-chain transaction fee for moving your Bitcoin from your wallet to the exchange's address. The exchange keeps the entire swap fee - the markup or spread it charges for converting your BTC to another asset.
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Understanding this split requires looking at what a Bitcoin swap actually is. You are not trading one coin for another inside a single system. You are sending Bitcoin over its own blockchain to an exchange, which then sends you a different asset on a different network. That first step - sending BTC - is a standard Bitcoin transaction, and the miner fee for that transaction goes entirely to the miners who include it in a block.
The exchange does not see a penny of that miner fee. The fee is set by network conditions and by you (or your wallet) when you broadcast the transaction. If the network is congested and you set a low fee, your transaction may sit unconfirmed for hours. The exchange has no control over this. It simply waits for enough confirmations on its end before releasing the other asset to you.
What the exchange does control is the swap fee. This is the amount it deducts from the value of your Bitcoin before sending you the equivalent in the other asset. It covers the exchange's costs: running its infrastructure, managing liquidity, hedging price risk during the few minutes your transaction takes to confirm, and its profit margin. The swap fee is typically a percentage of the transaction value, or a flat amount, and it is disclosed (or not) in the exchange's terms.
A common confusion arises because some exchanges display an all-in fee that bundles the miner cost with their own service fee. When you see "network fee" on a swap screen, that is usually a guesstimate of the current Bitcoin transaction fee, not a charge from the exchange itself. The exchange may collect that estimate and pay the actual miner fee on your behalf, keeping any difference if the estimate was too high. That over-collection is a form of exchange revenue, separate from the explicit swap fee.
So the miner gets the fee for the specific transaction that moves your BTC. The exchange gets the fee for arranging the swap. They are not the same thing, and they do not share the same pool of money.
If you want a deeper picture of what makes Bitcoin swaps different from trades in other ecosystems, the hub page "Swapping Bitcoin for other assets" covers the full process. That page explains why this two-fee structure exists and how it affects the total cost and speed of moving Bitcoin into another chain.
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